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dc.contributor.authorSørhus, Elin
dc.contributor.authorEdvardsen, Rolf
dc.contributor.authorKarlsen, Ørjan
dc.contributor.authorNordtug, Trond
dc.contributor.authorvan der Meeren, Terje
dc.contributor.authorThorsen, Anders
dc.contributor.authorHarman, Christopher Peter
dc.contributor.authorJentoft, Sissel
dc.contributor.authorMeier, Sonnich
dc.date.accessioned2015-05-08T21:29:50Z
dc.date.accessioned2015-10-28T12:12:38Z
dc.date.available2015-05-08T21:29:50Z
dc.date.available2015-10-28T12:12:38Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.citationPLoS ONE 2015
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2358321
dc.description-
dc.description.abstractThe toxicity resulting from exposure to oil droplets in marine fish embryos and larvae is still subject for debate. The most detailed studies have investigated the effects of waterdissolved components of crude oil in water accommodated fractions (WAFs) that lack bulk oil droplets. Although exposure to dissolved petroleum compounds alone is sufficient to cause the characteristic developmental toxicity of crude oil, few studies have addressed whether physical interaction with oil micro-droplets are a relevant exposure pathway for open water marine speices. Here we used controlled delivery of mechanically dispersed crude oil to expose pelagic embryos and larvae of a marine teleost, the Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Haddock embryos were exposed continuously to two different concentrations of dispersed crude oil, high and low, or in pulses. By 24 hours of exposure, micro-droplets of oil were observed adhering and accumulating on the chorion, accompanied by highly elevated levels of cyp1a, a biomarker for exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. Embryos from all treatment groups showed abnormalities representative of crude oil cardiotoxicity at hatch (5 days of exposure), such as pericardial and yolk sac edema. Compared to other species, the frequency and severity of toxic effects was higher than expected for the waterborne PAH concentrations (e.g., 100% of larvae had edema at the low treatment). These findings suggest an enhanced tissue uptake of PAHs and/or other petroleum compounds from attached oil droplets. These studies highlight a novel property of haddock embryos that leads to greater than expected impact from dispersed crude oil. Given the very limited number of marine species tested in similar exposures, the likelihood of other species with similar properties could be high. This unanticipated result therefore has implications for assessing the ecological impacts of oil spills and the use of methods for dispersing oil in the open sea.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleUnexpected Interaction with Dispersed Crude Oil Droplets Drives Severe Toxicity in Atlantic Haddock Embryos
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2015-05-08T21:29:50Z
dc.rights.holder© 2015 Sørhus et al.
dc.identifier.doidoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124376
dc.identifier.cristin1241325
dc.rights.licenseAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)


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