The 15-year report: Assessment and monitoring of surface waters in Europe and North America acidification and recovery, dynamic modelling and heavy metals (ICP Waters report 73/2003)

Abstract

The main aim of the ICP Waters Programme is to assess, on a regional basis, the degree and geographical extent of the impact of atmospheric pollution, in particular acidification, on surface waters. Twenty-two countries in Europe and North America participate in the programme on a regular basis. This report contains i) results from trend analysis of 189 ICP Waters sites in Europe and North America ii) an evaluation of biological response to reduced surface water acidification iii) a review of possibilities and limitations of dynamic modelling of surface waters and iv) an assessment of heavy metals in surface waters. International co-operative work to abate acidification has so far been very successful, but there is still a long way to go, and many potential set-backs. It is essential that future development of water chemistry and aquatic biota in acidified water bodies continue to be monitored in relation to further emission reductions of S and N and future effects of climate.