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dc.contributor.authorvan Hullebusch, Eric D.
dc.contributor.authorBani, Aida
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorCetecioglu, Zeynep
dc.contributor.authorDe Gusseme, Bart
dc.contributor.authorDi Lonardo, Sara
dc.contributor.authorDjolic, Maja
dc.contributor.authorvan Eekert, Miriam
dc.contributor.authorBulc, Tjaša Griessler
dc.contributor.authorHaznedaroglu, Berat Z.
dc.contributor.authorIstenič, Darja
dc.contributor.authorKisser, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorKrzeminski, Pawel
dc.contributor.authorMelita, Sanna
dc.contributor.authorPavlova, Dolja
dc.contributor.authorPłaza, Elżbieta
dc.contributor.authorSchoenborn, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Geraldine
dc.contributor.authorVaccari, Mentore
dc.contributor.authorWirth, Maria
dc.contributor.authorHartl, Marco
dc.contributor.authorZeeman, Grietje
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-10T11:56:42Z
dc.date.available2021-12-10T11:56:42Z
dc.date.created2021-12-02T10:57:03Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationWater. 2021, 13 (22), 3153.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2073-4441
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2833773
dc.description.abstractCities are producers of high quantities of secondary liquid and solid streams that are still poorly utilized within urban systems. In order to tackle this issue, there has been an ever-growing push for more efficient resource management and waste prevention in urban areas, following the concept of a circular economy. This review paper provides a characterization of urban solid and liquid resource flows (including water, nutrients, metals, potential energy, and organics), which pass through selected nature-based solutions (NBS) and supporting units (SU), expanding on that characterization through the study of existing cases. In particular, this paper presents the currently implemented NBS units for resource recovery, the applicable solid and liquid urban waste streams and the SU dedicated to increasing the quality and minimizing hazards of specific streams at the source level (e.g., concentrated fertilizers, disinfected recovered products). The recovery efficiency of systems, where NBS and SU are combined, operated at a micro- or meso-scale and applied at technology readiness levels higher than 5, is reviewed. The importance of collection and transport infrastructure, treatment and recovery technology, and (urban) agricultural or urban green reuse on the quantity and quality of input and output materials are discussed, also regarding the current main circularity and application challenges.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleNature-Based Units as Building Blocks for Resource Recovery Systems in Citiesen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2021 by the authors.en_US
dc.source.pagenumber52en_US
dc.source.volume13en_US
dc.source.journalWateren_US
dc.source.issue22en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w13223153
dc.identifier.cristin1963227
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 160016en_US
dc.source.articlenumber3153en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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