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dc.contributor.authorLöve, Arndis Sue Ching
dc.contributor.authorBaz-Lomba, Jose Antonio
dc.contributor.authorReid, Malcolm J
dc.contributor.authorKankaanpää, Aino
dc.contributor.authorGunnar, Teemu
dc.contributor.authorDam, Maria
dc.contributor.authorÓlafsdóttir, Kristín
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Kevin V
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-10T09:27:40Z
dc.date.available2019-05-10T09:27:40Z
dc.date.created2019-01-25T15:15:40Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationScience of the Total Environment. 2018, 627, 1039-1047.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2597211
dc.description.abstractWastewater-based epidemiology is an efficient way to assess illicit drug use, complementing currently used methods retrieved from different data sources. The aim of this study is to compare stimulant drug use in five Nordic capital cities that include for the first time wastewater samples from Torshavn in the Faroe Islands. Currently there are no published reports that compare stimulant drug use in these Nordic capitals. All wastewater samples were analyzed using solid phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results were compared with data published by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction based on illicit drugs in wastewater from over 50 European cities. Confirming previous reports, the results showed high amphetamine loads compared with other European countries. Very little apparent abuse of stimulant drugs was detected in Torshavn. Methamphetamine loads were the highest from Helsinki of the Nordic countries, indicating substantial fluctuations in the availability of the drug compared with previous studies. Methamphetamine loads from Oslo confirmed that the use continues to be high. Estimated cocaine use was found to be in the lower range compared with other cities in the southern and western part of Europe. Ecstasy and cocaine showed clear variations between weekdays and weekends, indicating recreational use. This study further demonstrates geographical trends in the stimulant drug market in five Nordic capitals, which enables a better comparison with other areas of the continent.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherElseviernb_NO
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleAnalysis of stimulant drugs in the wastewater of five Nordic capitalsnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.rights.holder© 2018 The Authorsnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber1039-1047nb_NO
dc.source.volume627nb_NO
dc.source.journalScience of the Total Environmentnb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.274
dc.identifier.cristin1665271
cristin.unitcode7464,30,21,0
cristin.unitnameMiljøkjemi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal