Trends and patterns in surface water chemistry in Europe and North America between 1990 and 2020, with a focus on calcium

Vogt, Rolf David; Agnieszka, Kolada; Arle, Jens; Austnes, Kari; Van Dam, Herman; Futter, Martyn; Fölster, Jens; Gundersen, Cathrine Brecke; Higgins, Scott N.; Houle, Daniel; Hruska, Jakub; Monteith, Don; Paterson, Andrew; Rogora, Michela; Sample, James Edward; Stoddard, John; Steingruber, Sandra; Ulanczyk, Rafak; Vuorenmaa, Jussi; de Wit, Heleen
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3115580
Date
2024
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Abstract
The report presents trends in major anions and cations, pH, TOC and bicarbonate in surface waters in Europe and North America from 1990 to 2020. Special attention is given to trends in calcium, which showed some unexpected increases. The trends in calcium are analysed in relation to changes in bicarbonates, organic anions, and deposition loads. The surface waters show strong signs of chemical recovery.
Description
Prosjektleder: Rolf David Vogt
Publisher
Norsk Institutt for Vannforskning
Series
NIVA-rapport;7931-2024
ICP Waters Report;156/2024
Copyright
© Norwegian Institute for Water Research. The publication may be freely cited with attribution.